高速电主轴驱动控制技术研究综述

A survey of drive and control technology for high-speed motorized spindle systems

高速电主轴是高速数控机床核心功能部件,主轴单元融合了高速电机、精密轴承、驱动控制等关键技术。高速主轴电机的驱动控制技术是决定主轴动静态性能的关键因素之一。因此,有必要对现有的主轴电机驱动控制技术进行系统分析和深入总结。根据主轴电机驱动控制技术的发展历史:从V/f控制、矢量变频控制、直接转矩控制到混合驱动控制以及智能控制等关键控制技术进行逐一分析和评述。在此基础上总结各控制技术客观存在的问题并进行对比分析,最后对高速电主轴驱动控制技术的发展趋势进行了预测和展望。

High-speed motorized spindles are the core components of CNC machine tools, the spindle unit contains several key technologies, such as, high-speed motors, precision bearing, drive and control. The drive and control technology of a high-speed spindle motor is the key factor for determining the dynamic and static performance of the spindle. Thus, it is necessary to make a systematic analysis and in-depth summarization for existing drive and control technologies of spindle motors. According to the development history of the technologies, the analyses and reviews were performed from V/F control, vector frequency conversion control, direct torque control to hybrid drive control and intelligent control, one by one. On this basis, the objective questions of these control technologies were summarized and a comparative analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the future developing tendency and prospects for the drive and control technologies of high-speed motorized spindles were predicted finally.