转速与负载对减速器振动噪声的影响研究

Effect of operating conditions on vibration and noise radiation of a gear reducer

以单级圆柱齿轮减速器为研究对象,综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度及误差激励的影响建立了传动系统动力学模型。以轴承动载荷为激励,采用FEM/BEM方法对减速器振动噪声辐射进行了分析,得到了齿轮箱节点动响应时域历程及声场场点噪声谱,论述了激励中各谐波成分对齿轮箱振动噪声辐射的影响。对多工况下齿轮箱振动噪声辐射进行了计算,就转速及负载对减速器振动噪声的影响做出了分析,得到了系统动载荷随转速的变化规律,噪声辐射随负载变化规律以及齿轮箱共振频带分布,为减速器的减振降噪设计提供了理论基础。

The dynamic model of a cylindrical gear transmission system was built in consideration of time-varying mesh stiffness and gear errors excitation. Dynamic load of bearings was taken as an excitation, its vibration and noise radiation were studied by using FEM/BEM. Then, the time histories of the node vibration displacements of the gearbox and the noise spectra of the corresponding sound field were obtained, and the effects of the harmonic components of the excitation on the gearbox vibration and noise radiation were presented. The effects of rotating speed and operating load on the vibration and noise radiation of the gear reducer. Then, the law of the dynamic load with the varying of rotating speed, the law of the noise radiation with the dynamic load, and the frequency distribution range of the gearbox resonance were obtained. The results provided a theoretical guideline for design of gear reducers.