男性强制戒毒者吸毒心理原因的质性研究

Qualitative Research of the Drug-taking Psychology for Male Addicts in Compulsory Detoxication

从心理学的角度分析导致男性强制戒毒者初吸吸毒的心理因素及各心理因素的相互关系.采用访谈法对14例在所戒毒人员进行深入访谈,设计了半结构式访谈提纲,主要包括:访谈被试的基本情况;家庭成长环境;触发初吸的人、事、物、环境;逐渐成瘾的心理过程,即围绕戒毒者从初次吸毒到吸毒成瘾的心理过程进行收集资料.同时,在扎根理论的基础上对所收集的资料进行质性分析,提炼出戒毒者吸毒心理原因的主题因素并建构因素间的内在关系.从资料之间的对比分析中发现,诱发吸毒者吸毒的初吸原因主要体现在四个方面:家庭教育功能缺失、易感人际环境、负性情绪的影响、易感心理基础,并且四个因素间存在着内在联系,"外在易感环境"通过个体的"内在易感环境"促使个体吸毒成瘾.

An analysis is made of the various psychological factors that first leads a male to take drug and the interrela- tions in between from the psychological perspective. First, an in-depth interview of 14 male addicts under compulsory detoxica- tion is carried out, and a semi-structured interview outline is designed which includes： （1） the basic information of the inter- viewees, （2） family growth environment, （3） which person or thing has triggered their first try of drugs and in what circum- stances？ （4） the actual psychological course of gradual addiction, aiming to collect relevant materials focusing on the process from occasional user of drug to a drug addict. And then a qualitative analysis is made of the collected data on a solid theoretical basis, trying to work out the theme factors that result in drug abuse and thus to construct the internal relations between these factors. Contrastive analysis of relevant data tells us that the principal reasons are as follows： the function loss of family educa- tion, a susceptible personal environment, the influence of negative mood and a susceptible psychological basis, and there lies an internal connection in between the four. The outside susceptible environment prompts an individual to become an drug addict through his inside susceptible environment.