海南霸王岭五唇兰生境土壤特性分析

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Orchidaceae) Habitat in Bawangling Natural Reserve, Hainan Island

土壤是植物生长繁殖的重要环境因子,直接影响着植物的生长发育。本研究旨在揭示五唇兰自然分布区域土壤理化性质及五唇兰生态型的相关性。在海南霸王岭王下设置6个样方,测定其内土壤含水量、pH值、氮磷钾含量等理化指标;根据五唇兰的克隆分株特性和生物学特性建立五唇兰龄级指数,并分析龄级指数与土壤的相关性;比较五唇兰两种生态型其生境土壤的理化指标。结果表明:五唇兰样方内的土壤呈酸性,有机质含量较高,氮、磷、钾营养成分丰富。五唇兰根系附近的土壤理化指标存在较大变异;不同样方内五唇兰的龄级指数存在显著差异;五唇兰的龄级指数与土壤营养成分含量存在正相关关系。叶背红色型五唇兰的土壤各项化学指标含量均高于叶背绿色型,其龄级指数亦大于叶背绿色型。本研究结果对指导五唇兰组培苗的栽培和解释其野外种群的动态变化具有重要意义。

The soil is the matric which can directly impact on the growth and development of plants. In order to uncover the characteristics of soil in Phalaenopsis pulcherrima habitats and the difference between the two different ecotypes distributed, we set six quadrats in Bawangling nature reserve in Hainan island, where there are P. pulcherrima. We analyzed the water content, pH and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each soil sample, we also classified size index of P. pulcherrima individuals according to clonal ramets and biological properties, which indicates the plant biomass. We also analyzed correlation size index and the characteristics of soil, and compared these physical and chemical properties between the two ecotypes. The results revealed that the soil was acidic and rich in nutrient contents. There are remarkable difference in physical and chemical properties between different samples; and there are also difference in size index of P. pulcherrima between different quadrats. Besides, size index and soil properties showed positive correlation. All the indexes of the soil sample which P. pulcherrima grew in with red leaf dorsal are higher than that with green leaf dorsal. These results may have important value forguiding cultivation of tissue culture seedling and exploring spatial-temporal dynamics of P. pulcherrima population.