北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗效果及影响因素研究

Study on the effect and impact factors of methadone maintenance treatment in Dongcheng district, Beijing

目的分析北京市东城区334例海洛因成瘾者参加美沙酮维持治疗的维持情况以及半年后的个人、家庭及社会功能的改善情况,了解治疗效果及其影响因素,探讨科学有效的工作机制。方法对2007～2011年申请入组的334名成瘾者及其中维持治疗半年以上的187名治疗者进行调查。比较治疗前后的一般情况、社会功能及高危行为改善情况。结果维持治疗半年后,社会功能及高危行为得到明显改善。就业比例从21.56%上升到33.16%,使用毒品从97.31%降低到13.37%,注射吸毒从52.99%降低到7.49%,共用注射器比例从11.38%降低到1.60%。结论美沙酮维持治疗是海洛因成瘾者行为矫正和回归社会的有效手段;治疗者对门诊服务是认可的;应针对成瘾者的人群特点有针对性的制定行为矫正方案,且需要营造良好的社会氛围,社会、家庭以及各相关部门的共同参与,综合管理机制的建立有待进一步探讨。

Objective To analyse the status of 334 heroin addiction cases participated methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） in Dongcheng District and the changes of themselves , their families and their social functions after six months, thereby to understand the treatment effect and its influencing factors, and also to explore the scientific working mechanism. Methods Total 334 heroin addicts enrolled in the treatment clinics during 2007 -2011 and 187 applicants treated with methadone over six months were investigated. The information of general condition, social functions and high-risk behaviors were compared before and after treatment. Results The social functions and high-risk behaviors of participants improved significantly after six months treatment. The employment rate increased from 21.56% to 33.16%. The rate of drug use, drug injecting and syringe sharing reduced from 97.31% , 52. 99% and 11.38% to 13.37% , 7.49% and 1.60% , respectively. Conclusion MMT was the effective intervention for heroin addicts changing their behaviors and returning normal social llfe. Participants also satisfied with services provided by the clinics. According to different characteristics of addicts, tailored intervention should be created. Meanwhile, positive social atmosphere, families supporting and the relevant departments＇ cooperation should be enhanced. The integrated management mechanism need to be further explored.