4种杀虫剂对菇类生长抑制及安全性评价

Effects of Four Pesticides on The Growth Inhibition of Mushrooms and Safety Evaluation

研究了4种杀虫剂对6种不同菇类菌丝生长抑制影响及安全性评价。结果表明,不同种类杀虫剂和同一杀虫剂不同处理浓度对3种香菇、3种平菇菌丝生长的影响程度存在显著差异。其中,皿内安全性实验表明,除虫脲对香菇、平菇抑制作用最小,均表现出了较高的安全性,在香菇、平菇中可以拌料的方式(有效成分浓度<0.75g/L)使用。阿维菌素在较高浓度下对香菇、平菇生长抑制均较大,在使用时应慎用或严格控制其使用浓度。吡丙醚可在香菇上安全使用(有效成分浓度<0.5g/L),高效氯氰菊酯可在平菇上安全使用(有效成分浓度<1.33g/L)。喷雾实验表明,喷雾处理对平菇的致畸率较高,因此,平菇的害虫防治应以预防为主,可将药剂用于拌料或菌丝生长早期阶段处理菌袋或菌床,切勿在子实体萌发后进行喷雾处理。杀虫剂还能对食用菌的菌丝形态产生影响,主要表现为菌落边缘变得不整齐,菌丝变密、变粗,菌落色泽变洁白。从安全性角度考虑,除虫脲是菇类栽培中最理想的杀虫剂,不建议使用阿维菌素。

The effects of four pesticides on the growth inhibition of six kinds of mushrooms and safety evaluation were studied. The results showed that the different kinds and treatment concen- trations of pesticides on the growth inhibition of mushrooms had significant difference. It was proved that Diflubenzuron had the least effect on the growth inhibition and better safety evalua- tion of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreates, it could be used in Pleurotus ostreates and Lentinula edodes at the recommended dosages. Avermectin had the large effect on the growth in- hibition and better safety evaluation of the mushrooms in high concentrations, it had to be used in controlled concentrations cautiously. Pyriproxyfen in Lentinula edodes and Beta cypermethrin in Pleurotus ostreates could be safely used. The pest control in Pleurotus ostreates should take prevention primarily, and pestcides should be mixed in the mushroom compost or treat fungi bed and fungi bags at the early stage of growth, be sure not to have a spraying treatment after fruit- ing bodies generation. Pesticides could have effects on the mycelium morphology, the main ex- presslon were zuron was the fungal colony more white and edge jagged, ideal pesticide, while Abamectin was not mycelia more dense and thick. Difluben- generally recommended to use.