帝国法与近代早期德国的宗教关系(1517—1648)

The Imperial Law and the Religious Relations in Early Modern Germany

为调解德国宗教改革时期(1517—1648)新教与天主教之间的纷争,神圣罗马帝国在法律层面上通过了多项决议,尤其是《奥格斯堡宗教和约》和《威斯特法利亚和约》,主要表现在宗教合法化、自由化甚至中立化等方面。帝国从中表现出了日渐清晰的政治理性原则,直至完全抛弃了宗教因素的影响,确保了近代早期德国宗教关系的和平稳定。帝国调解宗教之争,实质上是对世俗领地格局的调整。帝国政治在此过程中日益世俗化和宪政化。

To mediate the religious disputes between Protestantism and Catholicism in Germany during the Re- formation, the Holy Roman Empire enacted quite a few laws, especially the ＂Religious Peace of Augsburg＂ and the ＂Peace of Westphalia＂, with an aim to deal with the disputation over the question of religion. These laws centered on legalization, liberalization and neutralization of religion. That the Empire mediated the reli- gious relations between the two religious sects adjusted essentially the fight over the secular territories. During the course the Empire showed its rising rationality in politics and finally abandoned wholly the influences from religious factors and safegurad secularized and constitutionalized ed religious peace in Germany, revealing that the Empire was increasingly in politics in the early modem times.