舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统性能分析

Performance of extravehicular activity space suit: a combined system of cooling,heating and power

文章提出了一种舱外航天服冷热电一体化(Combined Cooling-Heating-Power,CCHP)系统,该系统的主要组件有质子交换膜燃料电池、热驱制冷装置、金属氢化物储氢装置和辐射器等。在冷热电一体化系统的冷电匹配方法上提出了"以电定冷"方案,按照该方案计算了一组典型工况下系统的工作状态,分析了燃料电池的工作温度、工作电流密度和工作压力对系统质量和消耗性工质损失的影响。结果表明,该舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统在质量大小方面可以接受,在消耗性工质损失方面比水升华器冷源/蓄电池电源方案小得多;且降低燃料电池工作温度和压力、增大燃料电池工作电流密度,均能够减小系统质量、降低系统消耗性工质损失。

A combined cooling, heating and power （CCHP） system for extravehicular activity （EVA） space suit is proposed in this paper. The CCHP system mainly consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, a heat driving cooling device, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a radiator. A Power Supply Priority scheme is proposed for the CCHP system in order to match both the power supply and the cooling request. Based on the PSP scheme, the operation state parameters and the mass of the CCHP system are calculated under a typical working condition. Influences of the PEMFC＇s working temperature, the current density and the pressure on the system mass and the expendable material loss are analyzed. The results show that the mass of the EVA space suit CCHP system is acceptable, and the expendable material loss is much less than that of the water sublimator/storage battery scheme. Lowering the PEMFC working temperature and pressure, or raising the PEMFC＇s current density, would lead to a lighter system and less expendable material loss.