野生玫瑰与栽培玫瑰根系生理生化特性的比较研究

Comparison of physiological and biochemical characteristics of root system between wild plant and cultivars of Rosa rugosa

为了探究玫瑰根系生理生化代谢的年变化动态,以玫瑰新根为试材,测定了玫瑰根系的可溶性糖、淀粉、游离氨基酸、蛋白质、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)6个生理生化指标值。结果表明:玫瑰根系中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量在春季形成了1次吸收高峰后总体呈下降趋势,生长后期则随其生长而缓慢积累;游离氨基酸含量随着地上部分的快速生长而增加,春、夏季其含量形成了3次高峰值,秋季随着温度的下降而急剧上升,蛋白质含量的变化趋势与之相反;SOD和POD活性的变化趋势基本一致,春、夏季其含量形成了3次高峰值,秋季随着地上部分的生长停止而呈上升趋势,但变化幅度不大。春、夏季节野生玫瑰根系中的淀粉、游离氨基酸、蛋白质含量和SOD、POD活性均明显高于栽培玫瑰,但秋季随着生长的停止,栽培玫瑰高于野生玫瑰;野生玫瑰的可溶性糖含量一直高于栽培玫瑰。不同时期碳、氮物质含量和SOD、POD活性的不同也影响着野生玫瑰与栽培玫瑰的抗性及进入休眠期的早晚。

To research annual dynamics of physiological and biochemical characteristics of roots in Rosa rugosa, taking new roots as materials, six indexes were determined, including soluble sugar, starch, amino acid, protein, SOD and POD. The results show that the contents of soluble sugar and starch in rose roots will be in downward tendency after forming an absorption peak in spring, and then it will be slowly accumulated more with growing in later period. The content of amino acids in roots is increased with rapid growing of the overground parts. Meanwhile, three peaks will form in spring and summer and the content of amino acid is increased rapidly with temperature dropping in autumn. However, the change trend of protein content is opposite. The change trends of SOD and POD activities are almost the same, which become three peaks in spring and summer, and will be in a rising tendency with growing of overground parts, but the ranges are small. The contents of starch, amino acid and protein, as well as SOD and POD activities, in roots of wild roses in spring and summer are significantly higher than those in rose cultivars, but that in autumn are reversed. The content of sugar in wild roses is higher than that of rose cultivars. The contents of carbon and nitrogen substances in different periods and the activities of SOD and POD also affect the resistance and the data of dormancy of wild roses and rose cultivars.