准噶尔盆地南缘文冠果物候与气温变化的关系

Relationship of phenology in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge and temperature variation in Southern Junggar Basin

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘3年来春季气温发生了明显的异常变化,对文冠果的物候和产量产生了很大的影响。于2008年～2010年,连续3年以准噶尔盆地南缘引进种植的文冠果作为研究对象,结合当地的气象资料,实地对文冠果的叶芽和花芽萌动期、盛花期、结果期、果实膨大期、果熟期、叶落期等主要物候期进行了观测分析。结果表明:这3年的春季,研究区分别经历了2008年早春倒春寒、2009年正常年和2010年春季持续低温3种不同的气候类型,2008年和2010年文冠果物候推后幅度明显大于2009年,2010年物候推后的幅度大于2008年;物候发生当月的平均气温对物候的影响大于物候发生春季的平均气温对物候的影响,后者的影响大于年平均气温的影响;种植区春季气温的异常变化,不仅是物候推后的直接原因,也是当地文冠果年产量波动较大的原因之一。

During the recent three years, temperature had abnormal and significant changes in Southern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, which produced a great influence on phenology and production in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. From 2008 to 2010, taking X. sorbifolia Bunge introduced in Southern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang as research object, combined with the local weather data, the main phenological periods were observed and analyzed, including leaf and flower budding stage, full-flower stage, fruiting stage, fruit expanding stage, fruit ripening and leaf dropping period. The results show that in the three continuous years, the study area successively experienced cold spell in early spring in 2008, normal temperature in 2009 and continuous low temperature in 2010. The phenology in 2008 and 2010 was postponed obviously than that in 2009, and the postponed amplitude in 2010 was greater than that in 2008. The influence of average temperature of the phenological occurring month was more significant than that of average temperature of the whole spring, and the latter was more significant than that of average temperature of full year. The abnormal change of spring temperature is not only the reason ofphenology postponed but also the reason of annual output fluctuation ofX. sorbifolia Bunge.