不同灌水量对“绿岭”核桃生长结果的影响

Effects of different irrigation amount on growth and fruiting in Lvling walnut

为了研究"绿岭"核桃不同生长时期对灌水量的需求规律,以制订合理的灌水措施,以10年生"绿岭"核桃树为试材,共设4个灌水处理,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的灌水量依次设为30、40、50、60 kg/(株.次),研究了不同灌水量对其生长结果的影响情况。结果表明:在展叶期、雄花散粉期、雌花花开初期、坐果期、生理落果期和果实速长期,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的新梢生长量的差别不大,其生长趋势基本一致,自雌花开放初期至果实速长期,处理Ⅳ的新梢长度均显著高于其他3个处理;5月7日新梢停止生长,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ的新梢长度分别为10.41、10.72、10.72和12.76 cm,以处理Ⅳ的为最大,显著高于其他3个处理,其他3个处理之间并无显著差异;4个处理的光合速率分别为3.95、3.82、4.36、2.99μmol/(m2.s),以处理Ⅲ的为最大,极显著高于处理Ⅳ,显著高于处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ;4个处理的叶面积指数分别为2.1、2.4、2.7、2.3,以处理Ⅲ的为最大,显著高于处理Ⅰ;4个处理的坐果率分别为71.73%、78.20%、76.73%、82.1%,以处理Ⅳ的为最大,极显著高于处理Ⅰ。

In order to research the law of water demand of Lvling walnut at different growth period, and plan some rational measures, taking ten-year-old Lvling walnut as materials, effects of different irrigation amount on growth and fruiting were studied, and the four levels of irrigation treatments （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ ） were 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg per tree every time respectively. The results show that at leaf expansion stage, pollen dispersal stage, initial flowering stage of female flowers, fruit setting stage, physiological fruit dropping stage and fruit rapid growing stage, increments of new shoot in treatment Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ have no significantly difference, growth trends are basically consistent. Length of new shoots in treatment iV is significantly higher than that of the other treatments from initial flowering stage of female flowers to fruit rapid-growing stage. New shoot stops growing on May 7th, lengths of new shoots in the four treatments are 10.41, 10.72, 10.72 and 12.76 cm respectively. That in treatment Ⅳ as the maximum value is significantly higher than that in the other treatments, and there are no significant differences between the other treatments. Photosynthetic rates in the four treatments are respectively 3.95, 3.82, 4.36, 2.99 μmol·m-2·s-1, and that in treatment III as the maximum is very significantly higher than that of treatment IV and significantly higher than that of treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱ . Leaf area index in the four treatments are 2. 1, 2.4, 2.7 and 2.3 respectively, and that in treatment Ⅲas the maximum is significantly higher than that of treatment I . Fruit setting rate in the four treatments are 71.73%, 78.20%, 76.73% and 82.1% respectively, that in treatment Ⅳ as the maximum is very significantly higher than that in treatment I .