畜禽养殖基地磺胺类喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗生素污染特征

Pollution Characteristics of the Sulfonamides,Quinolones and Macrolides in the Samples Collected from Livestock and Poultry Feedlots

利用固相萃取-高效液相质谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,调查了福建厦门市和莆田市畜禽养殖场的畜禽粪便、粪肥、作物土壤、沟渠底泥和人工湿地土壤共27份样品中8种抗生素的污染特征。结果表明:从样品类型来分析,除了大环内酯类在畜禽粪便中的平均检出浓度大于有机肥之外,样品中抗生素浓度顺序为有机肥>畜禽粪便>作物土壤、沟渠底泥和人工湿地;从抗生素种类来分析,喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的检出浓度最高,单个样品总含量∑QNs在粪肥中最高达到2967.6μg·kg-1,在作物土壤中最高达到579.0μg·kg-1;值得注意的是,14份作物土壤样品中有50%样品的∑QNs超过生态毒性效应浓度(100μg·kg-1);磺胺类抗生素(SAs)和大环内酯类抗生素(MLs)的检出浓度相对较低,单个作物土壤样品∑SAs和∑MLs都低于100μg·kg-1;从检出平均值和检出率来分析,磺胺类污染以磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)为主,大环内酯类以罗红霉素(ROX)为主,喹诺酮类检测浓度环丙沙星(CIP)最高,检出率恩诺沙星(ENR)最高。畜禽养殖基地的抗生素污染问题应该引起重视。

Five kinds of samples, including animal feces, manures, arable soils, ditch sediments and surface soils of constructed wetlands, were collected from three livestock and poultry feedlots in Fujian Province. Eight antibiotics in these samples were investigated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry（ HPLC-MS/MS ）. The concentrations of all antibiotics in manure and ani- mal feces were totally higher than those in other three kinds of samples. The concentration of quinolones （ ~ QNs） and sulfonamides （ ~ SAs） in manure were higher than those in animal feces, whereas the results for macrolides （ ~ MLs ） were opposite. The concentrations of quinolones were observed higher than those of sulfonamides and macrolides in all the samples, with a range of 〈LOD^2 967.6 ~g＂ kg-1 in all the samples and 〈LOD-579 I^g＂ kg-I in arable soils. In addition, the quinolones in fifty percent of arable soils exceeded the trigger value of the ecological risk （100 Ixg ＂kg-0, whereas the sulfonamides and macrolides in arable soils never exceed 100 ~g-kg-1. The data of average concentration and detection frequency indicated that sulfamethazine was the dominant composition of sulfonamides and roxithromycin was the dominant composition of macrolides. In the quinolones, the concentration of ciprofloxacin was highest and enrofloxacin was most fre- quently detected. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to antibiotics pollution in livestock and poultry feedlots.