刺鳖生物学及人工繁殖的研究进展

A Review on Biology and Reproduction of Apalone spinifera

介绍国内外有关刺鳖生物学和人工繁殖两方面的研究成果。根据形态特征数据,刺鳖可分为7个亚种,但根据分子系统地理学理论,刺鳖则分为2个地理种群,且认为A.S.hartwegi与A.S.spinifera为异名同种;刺鳖食性为肉食性兼腐食性,虾类和水生昆虫为其主要食物的重要组成部分;水体DO丰富时,刺鳖可耐受不低于3℃的低温条件,但对缺氧状态耐受力较低;刺鳖性别由基因决定但未发现异形性染色体,野生雌性约9龄性成熟,繁殖力低;刺鳖与珍珠鳖(Apalone ferox)杂交是可行的。基于相关内容研究现状,提出了有关分类学、冬眠生理、以及资源开发利用的研究方向。

Apalone spinifera was an indigenous species in the Central and the Northern America. In this article, a review was given on the biology （such as taxonomic status, living habit, breeding habit） of A. spinifera and artificial propagation. According to morphological characteristics, seven subspecies were recorded. But 2 geographical populations were mentioned by the research of molecular phylogeography, and A. S. hartwegi was synonym of A. S. spinifera from the same study. Based on the data of stomach content, A. spinifera were mainly carnivorous, sometimes were saprophagous, and crawfish and water insects were of importance for this softshelled turtle. A. spinifera could tolerate low-temperature （I〉3 ~C） with noroxia as diving, but it was one of the most intolerant turtle for anoxia environment. Genetic dependent sex determination was shown by A. spinifera but heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not tested and wild female matured about 9 years old. It was possible to get hybirds ofA. spinifera × A. ferox. Some suggestions on the further study about taxonomy, hibernation physiology, and resource exploitation ofA. spinifera were proposed as well.