短时高温暴露对土耳其斯坦叶螨和截形叶螨的影响

Effects of brief exposure to high temperature on Tetranychus turkestani and T. truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

【目的】为了明确土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani和截形叶螨T.truncatus在高温逆境下的生存特性对其种群发展的影响。【方法】通过短时高温处理试验,研究了土耳其斯坦叶螨和截形叶螨卵、幼螨、成螨在38℃,42℃和46℃下处理2～6h后的孵化率和存活率,以及对其后续发育历期和生殖的影响。【结果】两种叶螨的卵和幼螨在38～46℃下处理2～6h,其存活率随着温度和处理时间的增加而降低,后续发育历期随着温度和处理时间的增加而延长。两种叶螨的雌成螨在38～46℃下处理2～6h后其存活率、产卵前期、产卵期和产卵量均不受影响,但所产卵的孵化率明显降低,其中土耳其斯坦叶螨在46℃下处理6h的孵化率下降了15.5%,截形叶螨在46℃下处理6h的孵化率下降了18.0%。【结论】高温暴露主要影响叶螨的孵化率、存活率和后续的发育历期,对成螨的寿命和生殖无显著影响;土耳其斯坦叶螨和截形叶螨对极端高温的适应性存在差异,土耳其斯坦叶螨对高温的适应性要高于截形叶螨。

[ Aim ] In order to determine the influence of high temperature shock on the survival characteristics and population dynamics of Tetrartychus turkestani and T. truncatus. [ Methods ] The egg hatching rate, survival rate and developmental duration were investigated after the eggs, larvae and adults of the two mites were exposed to high temperature （38℃, 42℃ and 46℃ ） for 2 -6 h . [Results] The survival rate of the treated eggs and larvae decreased with the increase of exposure temperature and treatment time. The high temperature shock showed no influence on the survival rate, pre-oviposition period, oviposition period and fecundity of the treated male mites, but significantly decreased the hatching rate of their eggs. The egg hatching rates of T. turkestani and T. truncatus exposed to 46℃ for 6 h decreased by 15.5% and 18.0%, respectively. [ Conclusion] High temperature exposure has significant effects on the egg hatching rates, survival rates and developmental duration of T. turkestani and T. truncatus, but has no effect on the longevity and reproduction of their female adults, and T. turkestani has stronger adaotabilitv to high temoerature than T. truncatus.