广西壮族村落成人慢性肾脏病的流行病学调查

Epidemiology investigation of chronic kidney disease in the Zhuang nationality village from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

目的了解广西壮族村落成人慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率、知晓率及流行病学特点，探讨相关危险因素。方法通过整群抽样，选择广西南宁良庆区新兰村（壮族聚居村）做为整群调查点；选取全村18岁以上常住村民进行问卷调查，并检测肾脏损伤指标及研究相关危险因素。结果在资料完整的2036例村民中，壮族农业人口占99．8％。肾功能下降患病率为2．2％；白蛋白尿患病率为1．1％；血尿患病率为3．4％；高血压患病率为11．6％；糖尿病患病率为1．8％。经过年龄及性别标化后，CKD患病率为5．7％，知晓率为5．3％。二分类Logistic回归分析提示，性别、年龄、高血压与CKD独立相关。结论在经济文化相对落后的广西南宁某壮族村落成人CKD患病率为5．7％，知晓率仅5．3％。CKD独立危险因素为性别、年龄、高血压，与其他研究相似。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease （CKD） in the rural adult population of Zhuang nationality from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods A cross- sectional survey in a village of Zhuang agglomerated settlement was performed by cluster sampling. Demography data of participants were collected using questionnaire. Kidney damage indexes were examined and risk factors were explored. Morning spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio ~〉 30 mg/g was defined as albuminuria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） by abbreviated MDRD equation 〈 60 ml. min-~ ~ （1.73 m2）-~ was defined as reduced renal function. Morning spot urine dipstick （1 ＋ or greater） and then 〉 3 red blood cells/liP by microscopy was defined as hematuria. The crude and adjusted prevalence of indicators of kidney damage were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results A total of 2104 subjects older than 18 years were enrolled in the study, of whom 2036 persons agreed and completed. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria, haematuria and reduced eGFR was 1.1%, 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 5.7 % and the awareness rate was 5.3 %. Independent risk factors associated with CKD were age, gender and hypertension. Conclusions In the Zhuang nationality village of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 5.7 % people have either proteinuria, haematuria and/or reduced eGFR, indicating the presence of kidney damage, with awareness rate of only 5.3%. Independent risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease are age, gender and hypertension, which are similar to developed countries and domestic big cities.