绝经女性体力活动特征及其与骨量关系的研究

Relationship between Characteristics of Physical Activity and Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women

目的:观察1年健骨操运动前后绝经女性日常活动特征、能量消耗、骨密度、体成分及肌力变化特点,探讨绝经女性体力活动与机体骨量变化的关系。方法:以47名骨量低下的绝经女性为志愿研究对象,分为运动组(EG组)和非运动组(OG组),EG组进行1年60min/天、3～4天/周的中等强度健骨操运动。分别对实验1年前后两组受试者各项指标进行测定:以DXA(GE Lunar Prodigy,美国)测定主要部位骨密度(BMD)和体成分,以加速度计(OMRON hja-350it,日本)测定能量消耗,以等速肌力仪(ISOMED 2000,德国)测定肌肉力量。采用SPSS16.0统计分析数据。结果:EG组运动1年后,步行活动能耗(包括健骨操运动能耗)显著高于OG组,视为有效体力活动能耗。与OG组相比,EG组活动步数、步行时间及3～6 MET活动时间均显著升高,体重、BMI及体成分均发生了积极改变,各主要部位BMD均呈升高趋势,左股骨颈BMD显著升高。EG组运动1年后肌肉力量发生显著变化,其中髋等速90°伸、180°伸、180°屈及腰等速120°屈肌力均较1年前明显升高,实验1年后EG组髋等速180°伸、180°屈及腰等速120°伸肌力均显著高于OG组。结论:健骨操运动(有氧耐力、抗阻、冲击性练习等)通过增加机体能耗,改善体成分,增加肌肉力量,进而增加对骨骼的力学负荷刺激,是绝经女性改善和维持骨量的适宜运动。

Objective The purpose of this paper was to study the characteristics of daily physical activity （PA）, energy expenditure （EE）, bone mineral density （BMD）, body composition （BC）, and muscle strength （MS） in postmenopausal women before and after 1-year gymnastic exercise. Methods 47 postmenopausal women with osteopenia were divided into non-exercise group （OG） and exercise group （EG）. Subjects in group EG participated in moderate intensity exercise 60 min per day,3-4 times per week for a total one year. The BMD and EE were measured,and peak-torque value of hip and back flexion-extension was also determined to present the MS. Results EE during walking and other gymnastic exercise were higher in group EG than that in group OG 1 year later. Compared with group OG,walking steps, w 90° -- alking pans and duration, and 3~6 METs duration were higher in group EG. After 1-year exercise, BMD in of the body trended to rise, especially in the left femur neck. MS increased significantly during 180° -flexion, 180° -extension, 120° -back flexion,90° - and 180° -hip flexion, 180° -hip extension,and 120° -back flexion in group EG as compared with that in group OG. Conclusion Gymnastics exercise is helpful for improving and maintaining bone mass in postmenopausal women by increasing EE and MS, ameliorating BC, and eventually enhancing mechanical load to bone.