论殷高宗“黩祀”及相关问题

Yin Gaozong, Abuse of Sacri cial Ceremonies and Related Issues

文献和甲骨卜辞祀谱显示,商王武丁在位期间对祭祀制度曾进行过改革。针对这一变革,武丁集团中形成了以太子孝己和傅说为核心的反对派系,批评武丁改革是"黩于祭祀"。围绕着祭祀典制改革的这场政争,以太子派系的失败告终。孝己被流放致死,傅说也可能因此没有进入后世祭祀的谱系中。武丁之后的祖庚、祖甲,兄终弟及相继即位。两人分别反对和支持武丁的祭祀改革。由于祖甲在位期间的坚持,武丁祭祀改革制度终于被确定下来,成为商代晚期历代遵循的"周祭制度"。而这种有悖于传统的过于繁缛的祭祀制度,是导致商王朝最终衰败的重要因素之一。

According to historical documents and oracle bone inscriptions, King Wuding of the Shang dynasty （Yin Gaozong） reformed the sacrificial ceremonies. However, the reform was opposed by Prince Xiaoji and Fu Yue, who insisted that it would lead to abuse of sacrificial ceremonies. As punishment, Xiaoji eventually died in exile, and probably for the same reason, Fu Yue was missing in the list of names to be worshipped in sacrificial ceremonies. Zugeng, after succeeding Wuding, continued to oppose the reform, while his brother and successor Zujia was a strong supporter. Zujia adopted the reformed sacrificial system, which in the late Shang developed to be the much sophisticated zbouji system that contributed to the collapse of the dynasty.