转基因小鼠在近视模型中的应用进展

The progression of applying transgenic mice as an animal model of high myopia

基因工程技术为医学科研提供了新的方法，转基因动物和基因敲除动物模型的应用使在生物体整体水平研究人类疾病相关基因的生物学特性成为可能。转基因小鼠自20世纪80年代产生以来，在眼科疾病方面得到广泛应用，但在近视动物模型方面研究较少。有学者试图通过基因工程动物模型进一步明确遗传因素在近视发病机制中的作用。lumican单基因敲除和lumican，fibromodullin双基因敲除小鼠均出现了眼轴延长，巩膜变薄及视网膜脱离等人类高度近视相关表现；TGFBl转基因小鼠模型也证明了TGF-131可调控近视的发生发展。由此，建立针对可疑致病基因的转基因小鼠动物模型可能是研究高度近视发病机制的新通路。

Gene engineering technology provides new methods for medical research. The application of transgenic animals and knock out animals makes it possible to study the biological characteristics of genes associated with some human diseases in vivo. Transgenic mice were first achieved in the early 1980s, while they were used extensively in the field of ophthalmology doing some research a few years later after that. Therefore, it can possibly be a new path to investigate the pathogenesis by establishing transgenic mouse model of candidate gene of high myopia.