SAMHD1：一种新HIV-1抑制因子

SAMItDI：a new HIV-1 inhibitory factor

宿主固有因子不育一基序结构域和组氨酸／天冬氨酸残基双联体结构域包涵蛋白1（SAMHD1）作为一种新的HIV-1抑制因子，可以通过水解三磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸（dNTes），降低细胞内的dNTP浓度，从而抑制髓系细胞和静息CD4^＋T细胞中HIV-1的逆转录。HIV-2产生的病毒蛋白X（Vpx）可以将泛素连接酶与SAMHD1相结合，使SAMHD1分子最后被蛋白酶体降解。慢病毒的Vpx蛋白在进化过程中对灵长类动物的SAMHD1蛋白有阳性选择的作用。此文结合最新的研究成果对SAMHD1的结构、作用机制、SAMHD1和Vpx的相互作用和进化过程进行了综述。

A host factor named Sterile Alpha Motif domain and HD domain containing protein 1 （SAMHD1） has been recently confirmed to be one of HIV-1 inhibitory factors. This molecu/e can restrict the rep//cat/on of HIV-1 in myeloid cells and resting CD4^＋T cells by hydrolysising intracellular deoxy-ribonucleoside triphosphate（dNTPs）. Viral protein x（Vpx） produced by HIV-2 recrnites human SAMH1 onto ubiqnitin ligase complex. Then proteasome degrades SAMHD1. There is an evolutionary ann race between SAMHD1 in primate and Vpx encoded by lenfivirus. According to latest research findings, the stmction and mechanism of SAMHD1, and the interaction and evolution of SAMHDI and Vpx are summarized in this article.