中国气象台站迁移对年平均气温均一性的影响

Impact of meteorological station relocation on homogeneity of annual mean temperature in China

在确定中国1951—2010年753站观测数据的迁移状况的基础上,采用t检验方法和标准正态检验(standard normal homogeneity test,SNHT)差值法,分析了迁移对中国年平均温度序列均一性的影响,并对非均一温度序列进行订正。结果表明:将有业务代替的台站序列合并起来后得到了714站数据,714站中完全没有迁移的台站只有148站,其他566站共计有950次迁移;t检验表明950次迁移中235次迁移前后年平均温度差异显著;而SNHT检验表明950次迁移中有237次年平均温度的均一性受到迁移的影响,其中79次需要调整0.5℃以上;84%的非均一性序列经订正后相对符合均一性条件。

Based on the daily temperature data from 1951 to 2010, and the longitudes/latitudes/altitudes of 753 stations in China, the relocation point of each station is determined. By using the t-test method and the difference method of standard normal homogeneity test （ SNHT）, this paper studies the impact of relocation on homogeneity of annual mean temperature over China and corrects the inhomogeneous temperature series. Results show that the data of 714 stations are gotten by linking the series of business substitution station. Only 148 of 714 stations have not been relocated,and the other 566 stations have been relocated for 950 times. The t-test shows that the 235 of 950 times relocations lead to significant differences of annual mean temperature. The SNHT test shows that the 237 of 950 times inhomogenei- ties of annual mean temperature are caused by the relocations, where the 79 times temperature should be adjusted more than 0. 5℃. The 84% inhomogeneous series by the relocations could be relatively adjus- ted to homogeneous series by adding a coefficient.