特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压症的研究进展

Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压是一种原因不明的门静脉高压症,无明显肝硬化特征;本病的发病机制尚不清楚,目前认为慢性感染、免疫、毒物接触、凝血机制障碍等均可能参与发病。临床主要表现为门静脉高压征象,如食管胃底静脉曲张或破裂出血、显著脾肿大,而肝功能基本正常,腹水及肝性脑病少见;病理改变主要表现为门静脉闭塞性病变,但无肝硬化改变。临床诊断主要是排他性诊断,有门静脉高压的临床证据,组织病理学检查除外肝硬化,排除引起肝硬化的慢性肝病以及引起非肝硬化性门静脉高压的其他临床疾病即可考虑本病。有关特发性非肝硬化性门静脉高压症研究较少,推荐按照肝硬化所致门静脉高压指南进行治疗。预后主要取决于门静脉高压的严重程度及其并发症的处理,一般优于肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血。

he pathogenesis of idiopathic non -cirrhotic portal hypertension （INCPH） remains unknown and the disease is diagnosed by the absence of recognized clinical indicators of cirrhosis and of any other known etiologies of portal hypertension. To promote understanding of this disease, a comprehensive overview of potential etiologies, clinical manifestations, histopathological features, methods of diagnosis and potential differential diagnoses, and outcome of clinical management is presented in this review. In particular, we discuss the findings from INCPH studies and their implications in regards to each of the above - mentioned categories. For example, associations with various comor- bidities have suggested a possible immune system component to INCPH development and/or progression. In addition, the common clinical characteristics of patients upon presentation can not only help to recognize disease suspects but may also provide insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis. Finally, prognosis following the various intervention strategies appears to depend mainly on severity of the portal hypertension, as well as its various accmnpanying complications.