紫金县和惠东县典型人工桉树林植物多样性研究

Study on the plant diversity under typical eucalyptus plantation in Zijin and Huidong, Guangdong province

桉树作为速生树种,广泛种植于我国多个省市,其生态影响受到广泛关注。通过在广东省河源市紫金县及惠州市惠东县设置的32个样地,分别调查2003~2008年种植的人工桉树林及其对照林下植物种类、数量、盖度、频度等。共调查到植物194种,隶属65科141属,其中桉树林和对照林中均出现的物种共81种,桉树林下仅有种56种,对照林下仅有种57种;各年度种植的桉树林灌木层Margalef指数为0.416~6.005,对照林为0.541~4.492;桉树林灌木层Simpson指数0.563~0.892,草本层0.544~0.833,相应对照林灌木层和草本层分别为0.547~0.939和0.621~0.866;桉树林灌木层和草本层Shannon-Wiener指数分别为0.954~3.013、0.927~2.188,相应对照林各为1.027~2.458和1.028~2.101。各年度桉树林灌木层、草本层Margalef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数与对照林之间均无显著差异,但均呈现出逐年上升、至4年生达顶峰、后逐年下降的趋势。

Eucalyptus is fast-growing species,and is widely planted in some provinces in China.Its ecological impacts have attracted widespread attention.The understory plant species,quantity,coverage and frequency were investigated in artificial eucalyptus plantation planted from 2003 to 2008 at 32 sample plots in Zijin County,and Huidong County in Guangdong Province.Species diversity index,the Margalef index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index were chosen to evaluate and analyze the plant diversity.The results indicated that a total of 194 species,belonging to 141 genera and 65 families were found,among which 81 species grew in both artificial eucalyptus plantation and its control forest.The Margalef index of shrub layer under annual planting eucalyptus plantation was 0.416-6.005 and that of the control forest was 0.541-4.492.The Simpson indexes of shrub layer and herbaceous layer under eucalyptus plantation were 0.563-0.892 and 0.544-0.833,respectively,and those of the control forests were 0.547-0.939 and 0.621-0.866,correspondingly.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of shrub and herbaceous layers under eucalyptus plantation were 0.954-3.013 and 0.927-2.188 respectively,and those of the control forests were 1.027-2.458 and 1.028-2.101,correspondingly.Margalef index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of shrub and herbaceous layers were not significantly different between the eucalyptus plantation and the control forest(P>0.05).