高校教师职业倦怠的社会支持体系构建研究

Research on Social Support System for Occupational Burnout of the Teachers in Universities

当前高教教师面临着巨大的职业心理压力,为数不少的教师出现了职业倦怠的情况。这种状态如果不及时缓解必然会对社会、高校、教师带来危害。有关研究表明,社会支持能有效缓解职业倦怠。社会支持体系是指能够为所需者提供各种资源支持(如物质、金钱、情感、友谊等)的各种支持源(如国家、政府、社区、家庭、同事等)组成的社会网络,这些网络能为所需者提供支持,帮助其解决日常生活中面临的问题与危机。应从宏观、中观和微观三个维度为高校教师建立社会支持体系,倡导从社会环境、社会制度、学校、同事、个人等层面为其提供物质支持、情感支持与信息支持,以帮助教师正确面对压力,减少职业倦怠的发生。

Currently because teachers in universities are bearing heavy psychological burden, a substantial number of teachers are in condition of occupational burnout. If this problem could not be solved, it would be harmful to the society, the universities and the teachers themselves. Relevant researches indicated that social support systems can alleviate the occupational burnout effec- tively. The social support systems is a network composed of various support resources （ such as country, government, community, family and colleague） which can provide various support （such as material, money, emotion, friendship and so on） for those needed in order to help them solve the problems and crises in daily life. This article establishes social support systems for teach- ers in universities from macroscopic, intermediate and microscopic dimensions, initiates social environment, social system, school, colleague and individual to provide material, emotion and information support for the teachers and reduce the occupational burnout.