福建省稻米中的砷水平及其健康风险研究

Studies on Arsenic Levels and Its Health Risk of Rice Collected from Fujian Province

为更好了解区域水平上水稻(OryzasativaL.)砷所引起的健康风险,在福建省9个地区采集了206份水稻样品并对其总砷和无机砷含量进行了分析,然后在此基础上建立风险评价模型并对其健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,福建省水稻精米中总砷平均含量为(0.105±0.091)mg·kg-1,无机砷平均含量为(0.045±0.019)mg·kg-1。全省所有样品中无机砷含量符合中国国家标准规定的限量标准(MCL)0.15mg·kg-1。通过膳食调查的数据和水稻无机砷含量对每天通过稻米消费无机砷摄入量进行了计算,全省平均每天无机砷摄入量为13.50μg,并且9个地区每天无机砷摄入量均超过了美国国家研究委员会所规定的最大限量标准10μg·d-1。根据无机砷摄入量和癌症斜率因子所构建的癌症风险模型结果表明,福建省稻米无机砷所引起的癌症风险为每100000有37.5人,虽然低于中国的平均水平(每100000有61人),但是超过了美国国家环境保护局所规定的可以接受的癌症风险的上限(每100000人有10人)。因此,需要进一步通过流行病学方面的调查来确定福建省稻米无机砷摄入和健康风险之间的关系。

To better understand the health risk caused by arsenic in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at regional scale, 206 rice samples were collected from Fujian Province to analyze total and inorganic arsenic concentrations. Besides, according to the arsenic concentrations, risk assessment model was established to assess the health risk of rice arsenic. Results indicated that average total and inorganic arsenic concentrations in polished rice from Fujian Province were (0.105-0.091) mg·kg-1 and (0.045-0.019) mg·kg-1, respectively. Inorganic arsenic concentrations in all rice samples satisfied the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.15 mg·kg-1 regulated by China national standard. By calculating the inorganic arsenic intake through polished rice consumption on the basis of diet survey data and inorganic arsenic concentration, daily average inorganic arsenic intake of the whole province was 13.50 μg and the daily inorganic arsenic intake of 9 prefectures exceeded the MCL of 10 μg·d-1 regulated by National Research Council. The cancer risk model constructed by the inorganic arsenic intake and cancer slope factor indicated that the cancer risk caused by polished rice inorganic arsenic in the whole province was 37.5 per 100 000. Although the risk was lower than the Chinese average level of 61 per 100 000, it exceeded the acceptable upper limit of 10 per 100 000 regulated by USEPA. Therefore, the epidemiological investigation should be further performed to determine the real relationship between inorganic arsenic intake through rice and health risk.