三七及其中药制剂中砷和重金属含量及健康风险评估

Contents and Health Risk of As and Heavy Metals in Panax notoginseng and Their Pharmaceutical Preparations

我国传统珍贵草本药用植物三七Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen的重金属污染问题已引起关注。详细调查了某市以三七为原料的药品中As和重金属的含量。结果表明,三七药品中主要以As和Pb污染为主,超标率分别为56%和97%,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Zn则均远低于限量标准;三七药品中As和Pb污染可能同时来源于原料和加工炮制过程;三七中As和Pb摄入的人体健康风险(以CDI与PDE的百分比计)最高分别为780%和3294%;Cr和Ni含量虽然远低于限量标准,但其健康风险最高也已达45%和30%。本研究可为三七乃至其他中药制剂的As和重金属污染控制提供科学依据。

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is one of the traditional precious herbal medicines in our country. Heavy metals and arsenic (As) contamination in P. notoginseng and planting areas have attracted wide attention. This paper aimed to study the As and heavy metal content of P. notoginseng preparations, discuss the main pollution sources, and evaluate their health risk. Results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb exceeded the limit standards by 56% and 97%, respectively, while all the concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn were less than the standards. As and Pb in P. notoginseng could arise from both the raw material and processing. The maximum CDI/PDE (cumulative daily intake/permitted daily exposures) percentages of As and Pb were 780% and 3 294%, respectively. Although the concentrations of Cr and Ni were much less than limit standards, the maximum CDI/PDE percentages of Cr and Ni also reached 45% and 30%, respectively. This study was of significance in controlling As and heavy metal contamination in P. notoginseng preparations, and even other traditional Chinese medicine products.