职业病危害因素联合作用对劳动者健康的影响

Combined effect of occupational hazards on health of workers

目的研究职业病危害因素联合作用对劳动者健康的影响,为制定职业病防护措施提供依据。方法选取接触噪声、噪声+粉尘、噪声+粉尘+毒物的劳动者各200人作为研究组,选取不接触职业病危害因素,其他条件相近的劳动者200人作为对照组,收集职业健康检查资料,比较其检查异常发生情况,并采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果噪声+粉尘+毒物组除尿常规外各项指标检查异常率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。噪声组、噪声+粉尘组、噪声+粉尘+毒物组电测听异常率高于对照组(P<0.01)。噪声+粉尘组和噪声+粉尘+毒物组胸片异常率高于噪声组和对照组(P<0.01)。噪声组、噪声+粉尘组和噪声+粉尘+毒物组血压异常率高于对照组(P<0.01)。噪声+粉尘组和噪声+粉尘+毒物组肺功能异常率高于噪声组和对照组(P<0.01)。血常规、电测听、心电图、血压、胸片和肺功能与职业病危害因素种类呈正相关。结论多种职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响可能存在协同加强的联合作用。

[ Objective ] To study the combined effect of occupational hazards on health of workers, and provide evidence for develo- ping occupational protection measures. [ Methods ] Two hundreds workers exposed to noise, 200 exposed to noise ＋ dust, and 200 exposed to noise ＋ dust ＋ toxicant were selected as study group, another 200 workers with similar condition and no exposure were selected as control group. Occupational health examination data were collected for incidence comparison of abnormality. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. [ Results] Except for urine routine examination, the abnormal rates of other indicators in noise ＋ dust group were significantly higher than those of control group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The abnormal rate of electric audiometry in noise ＋ dust group and noise ＋ dust ＋ toxicant group was significantly higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The abnormal rate of chest X-ray in noise ＋ dust group and noise ＋ dust ＋ toxicant group was significantly higher than that in noise group and control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The abnormal rate of blood pressure in noise ＋ dust group and noise ＋ dust ＋ toxicant group was significantly higher than that in control group（ P 〈0.01 ）. The abnormal rate of pulmonary function in noise ＋ dust group and noise ＋ dust ＋ toxicant group was significantly higher than that in noise group and control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The routine blood test, audiometry, ECG, blood pressure , chest X-ray film and pulmonary function was positively associated with types of occupational hazards. [ Conclusion ] A variety of occupational hazards have synergistic and enhanced effect on workers＇ health.