延安市不同职业群体体质现状调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on physique status among different occupational groups in Yanan City

目的了解延安市不同职业人群体质现状,为顺利实施《全民健身计划纲要》和科学指导广大群众进行科学健身提供客观依据。方法采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对延安市5种职业人群体质现状进行调查研究与分析。结果 5种职业身高、体重值最高的为管理人员,其余依次为教师及科研人员、商业人员、工人、农民。农民的身高、体重平均水平值均低于其他4种职业;管理人员和教师及科研人员参加体育锻炼的比例较高,商业人员和工人次之,农民参加体育锻炼的比例最低;在不参加体育锻炼的原因中,主要是无兴趣、工作忙无时间以及无活动场地,分别占总数的42.3%、36.6%和13.0%;农民吸烟比例较高,其次为商业人员和工人,管理人员和教师及科研人员吸烟比例较低。农民患意外伤害比例高,管理人员和教师及科研人员患高血压疾病的人数较多,商业人员患消化系统疾病、工人得呼吸系统疾病的比例较高。结论农民职业人群的体质现状明显比其他几类职业人群差,管理人员和教师及科研人员体质最好,商业人员和工人体质一般。农民职业人群应该引起人们关注,建议应加强科学引导,采取有针对性措施加以改进。

[ Objective] To understand the physique status among different occupational groups in Yanan City, provide the objective basis for the smooth implementation of the National fitness program and scientific guidance of national fitness. [ Methods] By using the literature data method, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, the current situation of physique in five occupational groups in Yanan City was investigated and analyzed. [ Results ] The levels of body height and weight in management personnel were the highest, followed by teachers and scientific research personnel, business people, workers and farmers. The av- erage levels of body height and weight in farmers were lower than those in other four groups. The proportions of taking exercise in management personnel, teachers and scientific research personnel were high, followed by business people and workers, while that in farmers was the lowest. The main causes that people do not participate in physical exercise were lack of interest, hard work and lack of exercise yard, which accounted for 42.3%, 36.6% and 13% , respectively. The proportion of smoking in farmers was the highest, followed by business people and workers, while that in management personnel, teachers and scientific research personnel was low. The incidence rate of accidental injury in farmers was high. The case number of hypertension in management personnel, teachers and scientific research personnel was more than that of other groups. The business people had high incidence rate in diges- tive system disease, and workers had high incidence rate in respiratory system disease. [ Conclusion] The physique status in farmers is significantly worse than that in other occupational groups, and the management personnel, teachers and scientific research per- sonnel have the best physique, followed by business people and workers. It is necessary to pay attention to the physique of farmers. The scientific guidance should be strengthened, and the targeted measures need to be applied for improvement.