反脆弱性发展:突破发展陷阱的路径——基于西藏城镇社区发展的实证调查与理论分析

Development of Anti-vulnerability:Path to Break Development Trap——Base on Empirical Research and Theoretical Analysis of Community Development in Tibet

先发地区的社区发展采用"先导式发展"路径,贫困落后地区难以遵照此路径,因为多重脆弱性叠加是贫困落后地区社区发展的陷阱,突破发展陷阱,需要反其道而行之,在助强的同时,补齐短板,建构"反脆弱性发展"。脆弱性分析是揭示一定区域内社会、社区结构的范式,将其具体化为社区脆弱性分析框架并应用于解释社区脆弱性及其应对时,可理解为三个环节。用社区脆弱性框架分析西藏社区发展,可见其外部脆弱性与内部脆弱性叠加、累积式脆弱性与冲击式脆弱性叠加、结构性脆弱与胁迫性脆弱叠加。反脆弱性发展中,"政府服务社区"是反脆弱性社区发展的主体格局建构,"增强地域力"是反脆弱性社区发展的能力建构。

Strengthening community development based on their own advantages is the path taken in the community development of developing areas, which povertystricken ~reas cannot take. An accumulation of several vulnerabilities is the cause of the trap in the community development of povertystricken areas. Development of antivulnerabili ty, which needs to overcome weakness by means of strengthening their own develop ment is the path to break the development trap. Analysis of vulnerability is the para digm to reveal the social and community structure in a given area, which can be embod ied into a framework for analyzing the vulnerability of community development. The ac cumulations of vulnerability from the innersystem and outersystem, accumulated vul nerability and impact vulnerability, and structuralderived and riskderived vulnerabili ty, all these will manifest when using the framework to analyze Tibetan community de velopment. In the development of antivulnerability, the government which provides service should play principal role in the community development while strengthening re gional force is the way to improve community＇s development ability.