文学研究中的语言问题及其思考

Linguistic Problems,Its Research Situation and Prospects in the Study of Literature

语言是文学、文学理论和文学翻译的关键性因素。1990年代之前语言视角的文学研究非常薄弱,成果有限,根本原因就在于传统的语言工具观,仅仅在语言形式的层面上研究文学不可能深入到文学的根本问题,不可能认识到文论术语、概念和范畴的话语意义,也不可能认识到翻译作为语言转换所造成的文本差异性。1990年代之后,由于受西方现代语言学、语言哲学、文学理论、翻译理论的影响,文学研究在语言的层面上取得了较大的突破,文学理论话语研究、文学问题关键词研究、中国现当代文学的语言思想层面研究、翻译文学及其对中国现当代文学的意义和作用研究等都取得了显著的成绩。但目前语言视角的文学研究还存在着诸多问题,包括文学语言问题的史实清理与理论问题、文学话语与文学理论关键词问题、翻译文学与文化和文学交流的问题、文学语言的诗性问题,这些问题都有待于更深入、更细致的研究。从语言的角度来研究文学和文学理论具有广阔的学术前景。

Language is the key factor and underlying cause of the literature, literary the ory and literary translation. Before the 1990s, literary studies in the linguistic perspec tive are quite rare, and have little achievements. The main reason is the traditional lin guistic tool concept. It cannot solve the fundamental problem if we just study literature in the form of the language, and even we cannot recognize the literary theory terms, concepts, meanings, and the text differences. After the 1990s, because of the great in fluence from the modern western linguistics, linguistic philosophy, literary theory, translation theory, and the ＂Linguistic Turn＂ academic mode, a great change of the con cept of academic language has taken place. Accordingly, literary studies made a great breakthrough in the level of language. The study of literary theory discourse, literary keywords, intellectual study of the Chinese modern and contemporary literature, trans lation literature and its significance and role for the Chinese contemporary literature have made great achievements. But there are still lots of problems and a long way to go. We need to do more research to solve the problems. The study of literature and literary the ory from the linguistic point of view enjoys great potential and vast development pros pects.