康有为《大同书》与世界政治秩序原理:哲学新梦

Kang Youwei’s Doctrine of Great Unity and World Political Order: A New Philosophical Dream

康有为的《大同书》在"列国竞争之世"仍有豪情与逸致规划世界秩序。康有为设想了"无邦国"的大同世界,以及从民族国家到世界国家需要经历的三个阶段。康德"永久和平论"所提出的自由国家联盟大致相当于康有为所设想的初级阶段,即"据乱世"。在此阶段,没有居于民族国家之上的"强有力者"的制裁作为后盾,盟约或国际法往往沦为"虚义"空文,经不起力与利的冲击。康有为设想,从民族国家到世界国家过渡的"升平世"阶段,各国联合设公议会,公议会逐渐从常设议事机构发展为以公律及专属军事力量(公兵)约束万国的公政府。康有为实际上强调了世界国家的必要性。

Kang Youwei develops a theory of world political order in his Book of Great Unity in an age of competing among nation-states. He advocates a world state with great unity to go beyond the separation and conflict among nation-states. Zhao Tingyang echoes Kang Youwei to some degree in his project of tianxia system. A dialogue among Kang Youwei, Zhao Tingyang, Kant, Habermas and Thomas Pogge leads us to have a new understanding of the significance of a world state, which is 'a discarded choice' in Kant.