现代旧体诗的现代性——论佛教领袖赵朴初居士的诗歌创作

Modernity of the Modern Old-style Poetry: On the Poetry Creation of Zhao Puchu

中国历来是诗的国度,不过"五·四"新文化运动之后,尤其在1949年以后,在"中国现代文学史就是新文学发展的历史"观念的统治下,"旧体诗"从"现代文学史"的叙事中几乎消失了。其实,20世纪在新诗蓬勃发展的同时,各类旧体诗的创作不但始终没有停止,而且还体现出自身独特的价值,佛教领袖赵朴初的创作即其典型一例。赵朴初一生创作旧体诗、词、曲、对联多达2000首以上。他的诗不但由于坚持内容革新与形式创新,而呈现出一般意义上的"现代"风貌,更借助旧体诗的体式而体现出与新诗迥然不同的另一种"现代性",即"日常生活的诗意化"和"宗教生活的审美化"。由此可以说,无论从时间跨度还是艺术精神上,旧体诗也可能具备"现代性",应是20世纪中国现代文学史中不可忽视的一脉。

China is always a country of poetry. Since the May 4th New Cultural Movement, especially since 1949, the 'old style poetry' has almost disappeared in the narration of 'the history of modern literature' because of the dominant doctrine that 'the history of modern Chinese literature is the history of the development of new literature'. But as a matter of fact, while the new style poetry developed vigorously, the creation of different kinds of old style poetry had not ever stopped, and the old style poetry embodied its own unique value in the 20th century. The poetry written by Zhao Puchu, a later Buddhist leader, is a good example. Zhao wrote over 2000 works including various types of old style poetry and antithetical couplets in his life. Due to his continuous innovation in the style and contens, his poetry displays another kind of modernity different from that in the new style poetry, namely, 'the poeticization of daily life' and 'the aestheticization of religious life'. Therefore, we can conclude that the old style poetry, as far as its surviving in modern times and its modern artistic spirit is concerned, do have its 'modernity'. They should not be neglected in the history of modern Chinese literature in the 20th century.