基于CFD方法的超空泡航行体弹道特性研究

A study on trajectory characteristics of supercavitating vehicle based on CFD

基于计算流体动力学软件CFX,通过二次开发实现多相流URANS（Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes）方程和刚体纵向平面运动学方程的耦合求解,建立了三维超空泡航行体动力学仿真模型。研究了空化器偏角、水平尾翼偏角、航行体质心位置对弹道特性的影响。仿真结果表明：高速运动条件下无控超空泡航行体具有稳定性;空化器或水平尾翼的小角度偏转（-3°~3°）能够有效调节航行体的弹道参数,通过空化器偏转控制航行体最终稳定于空泡中心,避免航行体表面沾湿区的出现;质心位置的小幅后移有利于维持航行体水平直线航行,在超空泡航行体的设计中应予以重点考虑。

Determination of the stability and trajectory of supercavitating vehicle are difficult problems in the field of supercavitating flows.In this paper,based on computational fluid dynamics software CFX,coupling with solving the multiphase flow URANS(Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations and the kinematical equation of the rigid body in the longitudinal plane,the three-dimensional dynamics simulation model of supercavitating vehicle is established.The influences of the deflection of the cavitator and horizontal fins and the centroid position of supercavitating vehicle on trajectory have been investigated.The simulation results show that the supercavitating vehicle without control may still be stable under high speed conditions;The small angle deflection(-3°~3°) of cavitator or fins can effectively control the trajectory parameters of supercavitating vehicle,the supercavitating vehicle is stabilized in the center of supercavity by cavitator to avoid the planing force in the tail.The mass center is set backwards,which is advantageous to maintain the trajectory stability.To this point,it should pay more attention in the design of supercavitating vehicle.