2[2]Gordon C,Langton H,Wer R,et al.Dysphagia in acute stroke[J].BMJ,1987,295:411-414.
3[3]Winstein CJ.Neurogenic dysphagia:Frequency,progression and outcome in adults following head injurys[J].Phys Ther,1983,63:1992-1996.
4[4]Bakheit AMO.Management of neurogenic dysphagia[J].Postgtad Med J,2001,77:694-699.
5[5]Wade DT,Hewer RL.Motor loss and swallowing difficulty after stroke: frequency, recovery and prognosis[J].Acta Neurol Scard,1987,76:50-54.
6袮屋俊昭.嚥下の生理[J].綜合リハ,1991,(19):591-596.
7[7]Fred MS. Analysis of pressure generation and bolus transit during pharyngeal swallowing [J].Larynscope,1988,98:71-78.
8[8]Jefrey B,Jennifer C.Evaluation and treatment of swallowing impairments[J].Am Fam Phisci,2000,61:2453-2462.
9[9]Robbins J,Hamilton JW,Lof GL,et al.Oropharyngeal swallowing in normal adults of different ages [J].Gastrentrology,1992,103:823-829.
10[10]Daniel SK,Ballo A, Mahoney MC,et al.Clinical predictor of dysphagia and aspiration risk: outcome measures in acute stroke patients [J].Arch Phy Med Rehabil,2000,81:1030-1033.
2Han TR,Paik N J,Park JW.Quantifying swallowing functiouafter stroke a functional dysphasia scale based on video nmcroscopic studies [J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2011,82(2):677-682.
3Langmore SE,Schatz K,Olsen N.Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing Safety:a New Procedure [J].Dysphagia,2012,2(4):216-219.
4Williams LS,Ghose SS,Swindle RW.Depression and other mental health diagnoses increase mortality risk after ischemic stroke [J].Am J Psychiatry,2012,161(6):1090-1095.
5Hiss SG,Postma GN.Fiber optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing [J].Laryngoscope,2013,113(8):1386-1393.
6Lewin JS,Hutcheson KA,Barringer DA,et al.Functional Analysis of Swallowing Outcomes after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy [J].Head Neck,2012,30(5):559-566.