13B型货车钩尾框框体锻造工艺模拟及优化

Forging process and FEM optimization of 13B type forged yoke body for railway wagons

13B型钩尾框框体是铁路车辆车钩缓冲装置上的一种重要部件。13B型钩尾框框体为异形长轴类锻件,本文根据该零件尺寸和形状特点制定了辊锻制坯后进行模锻切边的锻造工艺。以刚塑性有限元法为基础,利用Deform-3D软件对13B型钩尾框框体制坯和模锻过程进行三维有限元模拟,分析了13B型钩尾框框体在辊锻和模锻变形过程中的受力情况和金属流动规律,并利用改进的锻造工艺对该产品进行了工艺试验,工艺试验效果良好。

13B type forged yoke is a kind of corrtmon drawing component used in couplers of railway wagons. The product is an abnormal long-axis forging. According to the characters of 13B type forged yoke body, the forging process was made as follows： the ingot was forged by roll forging and then formed by die forging and trimming. Based on rigid and plastic FEM, the process of roll forging and die forging for the workpiece was simulated using Deform-3D. The metal flowing rule of the process was revealed. The load and deformation rules during roll forging and die forging process were analyzed. The improved forging process was tested successfully.