产品替代性与生产率分布——基于中国制造业企业数据的实证

Product Substitutability and Productivity Distribution: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industry

本文从产品市场的需求角度提出产品替代性影响企业生产率分布的理论假说,利用1998年至2007年中国制造业企业数据,刻画了我国工业行业生产率分散程度,检验了产品替代性对企业生产率离散程度的影响。研究结果发现产品替代性会显著影响行业生产率分布与水平,产品替代性降低将会导致生产率离散化程度扩大与生产率水平降低,从而加剧了资源错配。这一结果在使用不同产品替代性指标,不同生产率和离散程度指标后均保持稳健,同时本文在考虑企业沉没成本、市场化水平以及所有制环境等因素后,结论仍然是稳健的。

The paper proposes a theory model and assumption of the effect about product substitutability on industry productivity dispersion on demand-side conditions. The paper uses Chinese manufacture firm-level panel data to calculate industries productivity dispersion to test the link between product substitutability and productivity dispersion. The result illustrates intra-industry product substitutability exerts an appreciable impact on intra-industry resource allocation. Less substitutability can lead to productivity dispersion increasing and average industry productivity decreasing. The results are always robust when we use three different indexes respectively on product substitutability and productivity dispersion, even after adding the control variables into the model such as sunk cost, marketization level, ownership and so on.