中国地区经济增长差异:基于分级教育的效应

Economic Growth and Regional Inequality in China: Effects of Different Levels of Education

基于知识的外溢性原理,本文放松了传统理论不同层级的人力资本具有完全替代性的假设。在此基础上,通过生产函数、技术创新与模仿方程的设定,导出了具有经济理论基础的计量回归模型,然后运用面板数据分析方法研究了不同层级教育对中国地区经济增长差异的影响。回归结果证实:初级教育和高级教育都能促进经济增长,但二者的作用方式不同,其中初级教育作为生产要素直接促进最终产出,高级教育则通过加快技术创新与模仿的速度提高全要素生产率。在现阶段的社会经济结构条件下,我国初级教育对经济增长的作用大于高级教育;高级教育对中西部经济增长的促进作用大于东部。最后,本文对我国教育发展与社会经济发展的相互协调问题提出了若干政策建议。

This paper studies the effects of different levels of education on regional economic growth difference in China by applying panel data analysis. We adopt a special specification of aggregated production function embodying technological innovation and imitation, relaxing the assumption of complete substitution for different levels of human capital based on principle of the knowledge spillover. The empirical results show that education has significant effects on the regional economic growth. However, primary education contributes mainly to the final output production, while advanced education contributes to technological innovation and imitation. At the current economic structure, the primary education is economically more efficient than the advanced education. At the regional level, advanced education plays a more significant role in promoting economic growth in the central and western area than in the eastern area. Finally, we discuss some policy implications to coordinate the development of education and economy.