肯尼迪政府对苏东国家的出口管制政策

The Kennedy Administrations Policy of Export Controls on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

肯尼迪上台以后,面对新的国内外形势,开始试图放松对苏联、东欧国家的出口管制。虽然肯尼迪放松出口管制的政策,在促进美国经济和缓和冷战局势上都更有利于美国,但在冷战危机年代,出口管制已经与美国的冷战战略和冷战思维融为一体,出口管制被看作是有效的冷战武器。同时,由于美国政府内部的分歧,以及肯尼迪政府改革出口管制指导原则的内在矛盾等原因,肯尼迪政府不仅没有实现其放松出口管制的初衷,相反,美国的出口管制政策变得更严厉。

Once Kennedy took office , he was faced with a new situation at home and abroad.He had initially intended to loosen export controls on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe ; but although this was beneficial for the US both in terms of boosting the economy and easing the Cold War situation , export controls had become integrated with the US Cold War strategy and mentality in the critical years of the Cold War , and was seen as an effective weapon.At the same time , due to the disagreements within the US government and internal contradictions in the Kennedy administrations guidelines for reform of export controls , the original intention of loosening export controls was not achieved ; on the contrary , the policy became more stringent.