肯尼迪政府对古巴的应急作战计划

The Kennedy Administrations Contingency Plans for War with Cuba

肯尼迪执政时期,美国政府不仅在政治、经济和外交上采取种种敌视古巴的政策,而且还秘密制定了一系列应急作战计划,试图通过直接军事打击来推翻古巴政府,建立一个为美国所接受的政权。古巴导弹危机发生后,美国政府在对古巴进行海上封锁的同时,仍加紧准备实施应急作战计划,并展开了大规模的军事部署。以美国军方为代表的强硬派极力主张以此为契机,实施既定的作战计划,对古巴进行空袭和入侵。此举不论是政治上还是军事上都存在诸多难以解决的问题,而且有可能导致与苏联的全面战争,美国最高决策者只是将军事部署作为向苏联和古巴施加压力、促其妥协的重要手段。应急作战计划清晰地折射出美国对古巴政策的复杂性以及冷战的基本特征。

During the Kennedy Administration , the United States not only adopted hostile political , economic and foreign policies toward Cuba , but also made a series of secret contingency war plans , attempting to replace the Cuban government with a regime acceptable to the US by means of a direct military attack. After the Cuban Missile Crisis , in addition to a stricter naval blockade against Cuba , the US government continued its preparations for the implementation of the emergency war plan and launched a large-scale military deployment.The hardliners , represented by the military , strongly advocated seizing the opportunity to carry out the established plan of air raids on and invasion of Cuba.Due to the many difficult political and military issues involved in the plan , plus the possibility that it could lead to a full-scale war with the Soviet Union , the top US decision-makers simply used military deployment as an important means of exerting pressure on the Soviet Union and Cuba and getting them to compromise.The contingency war plans clearly reflect the complexity of the US policy toward Cuba and the basic features of the Cold War.