普鲁伊特·艾格社区的生与死——一个美国公共住房案例的解读

The Life And Death Of Pruitt-Igoe:Review Of An American Public Housing Project

20世纪中期,美国发起了城市更新运动,很多城市大规模清除贫民窟,建造了大量面向中低收入人群的高层公共住房,但这些公共住房很快变成了新的贫民窟。圣路易斯市普鲁伊特·艾格社区是其中的一个典型案例,其失败原因长期以来被归结于错误的空间规划和建筑设计。但通过对该项目的建设背景、发展过程的分析,可以总结出社会生态因素,如居住人群、种族构成、社会环境等是其失败的根本原因。在新的时代背景下,中国的城市规划和建设应该转变思维,积极应对,建立"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的规划模式,避免普鲁伊特·艾格社区曾经犯过的错误,以推动我国城市规划和建设的健康发展。

In the mid 20th century, America started urban renewal program in many cities. Slums were cleared and high-rises for public housing were erected. However, these high rises soon turned into new urban slums. Pruitt-lgoe in St. Louis is a typical example of the public housing projects at this period. Its construction and soon demolishment has been owed to spatial planning and architectural design failures. Review of the social background and the life circle of the project reveals that the social ecology, including the resident composition, ethnicity, and economy were the fundamental reasons for the failure of Pruitt-lgoe. In the new era, traditional physical urban planning thinking shall be refreshed. Top-down and bottom-up planning approaches need to be combined to avoid public housing failures like Pruitt-lgoe.