三峡移民区生态系统概念模型及生态环境建设对策——以秭归县曲溪小流域为例

Ecosystem Model and Ecological Environment Construction Countermeasures of Migrants Resettled Area in Three Gorges Reservoir Area—Regarding Quxi Watershed as an Example

以三峡库区移民区生态系统的概念模型为框架 ,分析了三峡库区生态系统的驱动力—过程系统—系统输出各个环节的变化。移民区典型小流域——曲溪小流域 ,受淹没、移民 2个驱动力的作用 ,耕地、经济林、植被、水、栖息地等资源发生了显著变化 ,系统的粮食、能源、教育需求也随之而变 ,在内在反馈机制的作用下 ,导致系统输出为水土流失加剧、生物多样性受到破坏、土地退化严重等。通过对系统模型进行分析 ,提出开展小流域综合治理 ,恢复和重建山地生态系统 ,加强坡耕地退耕还林对策研究等生态环境对策 ,以此缓和人地矛盾 ,实现系统的可持续发展。

The ecosystem change of external forcing, course system, system output of ecosystem in the frame of conception model of the migrants resettled area in Three Gorges reservoir area is analyzed. In typical watershed, Quxi watershed, the result of external forcing, submerge and migrant, is the resource change of slope cultivated lands, economical forest, vegetation, water, habitant etc. of the ecosystem, and the changes of demand for food supplies, energy resource and education. By the action of feedback mechanism, the system outputs are soil and water loss pricking up, biological diversity being destroyed, heavily soil degrading etc.. And then brings forward some countermeasures such as developing watershed management, resuming and rebuilding mountainous region ecosystem, strengthening research on reforestation countermeasure, to ease up the conflict between human and land and achieve the sustainable development.