神府一东胜矿区人为泥石流沟道流域地形条件分析

Analysis on Watershed Topography Factors of Man made Debris Flow Gully in Shenfu Dongsheng Mine Site

在对神府—东胜矿区人为泥石流沟道广泛野外调查的基础上 ,选取了 43条典型泥石流样沟。在1∶ 1 0 0 0 0地形图及卫片上进行了形态要素量测 ,应用流域地貌分析原理 ,对所有样沟各形态要素进行了详细分析 ,结果认为 ,人为泥石流沟道地势比沿程变化特征为 ,以形成区比降最大 ,区别于自然泥石流沟道 ;沟道分区面积比以汇水区面积最大 ,明显区别于湿润地区 ;流域形状以扇形为主 ,沟道给养面积较大 ,崎岖系数不太大是半干旱地区人为泥石流沟道的独特之处。

Shenfu Dongsheng mine site is located in the passage of arid and semiarid zone. Based on the fragile eco environment, coal mining and construction have brought out some new environment problems. Man made debris flow problem is the most serious of them which caused by coal mining, construction of railway and highway as well as exploiting stone. Because of the particularity of forming process of man made debris flow, the watershed geomorphy is very distortion. Through every landform factors of watershed systematically analyzed, the results show as follows. (1) The gully bed gradient takes convex shape as the dominant, that is a unique form of man made debris flow gully. (2) Regional area ratio is the largest in converge water region, and the watershed formation of fan shaped make up 80 percent of the total sample gullies, it is favorable to water concentration and a particular demand of motive power of debris flow in semiarid area. (3) The landform rugged coefficient of watershed is not suitable too large and the area of providing water for gully formation is larger in semiarid region than in moist region.