苹果优良种质——花叶海棠区系地理学研究

STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF MALUS TRANSITORIA —AN EXCELLENT GERMPLASM OF APPLE

花叶海棠地理分布较广泛 ,分布海拔高度 1 2 90～ 40 0 0m之间。分布区以兰州为中心 ,区域分异为 4个植物亚区 :(1 )亚洲荒漠植物亚区的中亚东部地区—阿拉善亚地区。 (2 )青藏高原植物亚区的唐古特地区。 (3)中国—喜马拉雅森林植物亚区的横断山脉地区。 (4)中国—日本森林植物亚区的华北地区—黄土高原亚地区。分布区的自然环境极其复杂多样 ,因此在苹果属植物中 ,花叶海棠耐瘠薄土壤 ,具有最强的适应性和抗逆性。花叶海棠具有极强的抗旱、耐热、耐盐、耐寒等多种抗逆性 ;作苹果砧木嫁接亲和性好 ,嫁接树具有矮化、提早结果、产量高、果实品质好等优良性状 。

Malus transitoria (Redh.) Hughes is widely distributed, extending from 1290 m to 4000 m above the sea level. Its distribution areas, with Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu province as the center, can be grouped into 4 subzones, i.e. eastern middle Asia of desert plant subzone in Asia, Tangute area of plant subzone of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Hengduan Mountains of China-Himalayas forest plant subzone, and Huangtu Plateau of northern China of China-Japan forest plant subzone. As the environments of its distribution areas are very complex, this species is considered the hardiest and most adaptive in the genus of Malus . Many experimental reports have shown that M. transitoria is tolerant to drought, heat, salt and cold, it has satisfactory compatibility with various cions in grafting and, as an apple stock, it tends to dwarf the fruit tree grafted on it and promote early fruiting.