蜜蜂信息素与蜂群内化学通讯的研究进展

Honeybee pheromones and chemical communication in colony-A review

综述国内外有关蜜蜂信息素的种类、化学成分及其功能 ,以及蜂群内化学通讯的研究进展。迄今 ,已鉴定的蜂王上颚腺信息素有 9-氧化 -(反 ) -2 -癸烯酸 ( 9-ODA) ,R( -) -9-羟基癸烯酸 (R -( -) -9-HDA) ,S( +) -9-羟基癸烯酸 (S( +) -9-HDA) ,对 -羟基苯甲酸甲酯 (HOB)和 4 -羟基 -3 -甲氧基苯乙醇 (HVA) ;工蜂那氏信息素有牛龙牛儿醇 ,橙花酸 ,(反 ,反 )法呢醇 ,牛龙牛儿酸 ,橙花醇 ,(顺 -)、(反 -)柠檬醛 ;工蜂报警信息素有乙酸正丁酯 ,乙酸异戊酯 ,乙酸异己酯 ,正丁醇 ,正戊醇 ,正辛醇等 2 0余种 ;蜂子信息素有甲基软脂酸酯 ,乙基软脂酸酯 ,甲基油脂酸酯 ,乙基油脂酸酯 ,甲基硬脂酸酯 ,乙基硬脂酸酯 ,甲基亚油酸酯 ,乙基亚油酸酯 ,甲基亚麻酸酯 ,乙基亚麻酸酯等 1 0种。展望蜜蜂信息素应用的诱人前景 ,其中利用信息素调控蜜蜂的采集活动 ,可提高作物授粉效率和增加蜂蜜产量 。

The advances of components and their functions of honeybee pheromones were summarized in this paper.Up to now five chemical components of the queen pheromone from the mandibular glands of honeybee have been identified, including 9-oxo-(E)-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA),R(-)-9-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid (R(-)-9-HDA),S(+)-9-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid (S(+)-9-HDA),methyl p-hydroxy benzoate(HOB) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenylethanol(HVA).Seven components of the worker honeybee pheromone identified from their nasonov glands are geraniol,nerol,(E,E)-farnesol,(E)-citral,(Z)-citral,geranic acid and nerolic acid.There are more than twenty components of alarm pheromone of the guard bees from their sting glands,such as n-butyl acetate,isopentyl acetate,2-heptyl acetate,1-butanol,1-pentanol,1-octanol and so on.Ten components of brood pheromone from bee brood have been identified,including methyl palmitate,ethyl palmitate,methyl oleate,methyl stearate,ethyl oleate,ethyl stearate,methyl linoleate,ethyl linoleate,methyl linolenate,ethyl linolenate.Teh captivating prospects of the application of the pheromones were forcasted.