降雨能量对水土流失的影响研究进展

Research progress of influence of rainfall energy on soil and water loss

降雨是导致土壤流失的动力因素,降雨侵蚀力反映由降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力,准确计算降雨侵蚀力是定量预报土壤流失的重要环节。本文回顾了国内外降雨能量及其侵蚀力研究现状、进展、降雨雨谱测定、降雨能量及侵蚀力计算方法、降雨与产流产沙的关系,归纳总结了降雨与降雨侵蚀力的研究方法,并根据降雨地域性差异较大的特点,推荐了适用于我国的降雨侵蚀力及降雨能量计算公式。

Rainfall is considered as a dynamical factor causing the soil erosion, and rainfall erosivity can reflect the potential ability of soil erosion by rainfall. So the accurate calculation of rainfall erosivity is an important process for quantitative forecast soil erosion. In this paper, the research actuality and progress of rainfall capacity and erosivity, raindrop spectrum measurement, the calculation methods for rainfall capacity and erosivity, the relationship of rainfall and sediment were summarized. Furthermore, the calculation formulas of rainfall erosivity and capacity that are suitable in China were proposed according the regionalism characteristics of rainfall.