水下低频声信号的激光探测及波的衰减

Detection of Underwater Low-frequency Acoustic Signal and Wave Attenuation

为了探测几十赫兹的低频水下声信号,建立了水下低频声信号的光学探测系统,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样.得到了衍射图样的宽度与声源距离的变化关系,声源距离越小,衍射图样越宽.当水下声波传至水表面后,实验上得到了表面声波的衰减特性,理论上得到了衍射图样的角宽度和液体表面波振幅的解析关系式.发现表面波振幅的衰减随距离是指数型衰减.并研究了衰减系数随频率的变化,频率不同衰减系数也不同,而且频率越大,衰减系数越小.

A simple measurement system is developed to study the optical effect ot the low- frequency liquid surface wave which excited by underwater acoustic source. The high stability and clear diffraction pattern was observed experimentally. The relationship between diffraction patterns divergence angle and the distance of the acoustic signal was derived. Furthermore, with the increase of distance, the di{fraction patterns divergence angle will decrease. The damping characters of the liquid surface wave was theoretically obtained when underwater acoustic wave spread to the liquid surface. The analytical expression between diffraction patterns divergence angle and the liquid surface wa,~e amplitude was theoretically derived. It was found that the surface wave amplitude is exponent attenuation with the change of the horizontal distance. The attenuation coefficients is dependent on the frequency of liquid surface acoustic wave, and the greater frequency, the smaller attenuation coefficient.