超导电力技术即将带来电力工业的革命

SUPERCONDUCTING POWER TECHNOLOGY WILL LEAD THE POWER INDUSTRY REVOLUTION

人们认为，超导体在电力方面出现大规模应用的时间距离我们还非常遥远．然而，随着最近几年来实用高温超导材料的研制取得重大的进展，高温超导电力技术的应用已经成为现实，预期将在２０１０ 年左右出现大规模的应用，并将带来电力工业的革命．因此，下一个１０ 年将是国际超导技术竞争最关键的１０ 年．我国的经济发展很快，电能需求量增加十分迅速，对电能质量的要求也越来越高．常规电力技术已经无法满足我国电力发展的需要，超导电力技术是实现我国电力发展目标的必由之路．文章有代表性地介绍了超导电缆、超导限流器、超导磁储能系统、超导变压器和超导旋转电机等的基本工作原理及研究发展历史，并着重介绍高温超导电力应用研究的现状、应用前景、经济可行性及基本物理问题．

Since high T c superconducting(HTS) tapes for practical applications became commercially available over the past few years,the development of superconducting power technology has achieved significant progress.It is foreseen that superconducting technology will be the prevailing high technology of the 21st century,and that superconducting power equipment will be commercialized soon,enjoying a large\|scale worldwide market before 2010.China's economy is expanding fast,and the demand for electricity is increasing quickly.At the same time,higher electricity quality will be required.Traditional power technology will no longer be able to satisfy future requirements,so superconducting power technology would be the best solution,leading a revolution in the power industry.The history,present status and prospects of superconducting power technology as well as the economic benefits and basic physics problems involved are reviewed.