从トコロへ看トコロ的空间隐喻机制

On the Mechanism of the Spatial Metaphor of Tokoro with Tokoro-e as an Example

在由空间向时间发生隐喻的过程中,トコロへ存在着大量处于二者过渡阶段的场面状况义,这种中间用法对探讨空间隐喻的机制有着重要的意义。本文以トコロへ为对象,把「S1ところへS2」结构分为空间概念和时间概念进行考察。在空间概念中,图形和背景构成"点∈范围"、"范围2范围1"、"范围2|范围1"的关系。在时间概念中,当トコロヘ的前项为持续体,后项为完整体时,图形和背景构成"点∈线"的包含关系,当前后项都是完整体时,图形和背景可以构成"点2=点1"的同时关系或"点2|点1"的继起关系。空间域和时间域中图形和背景关系的相似性就是トコロヘ的空间隐喻产生的根本机制。

In the process of metaphor transition from spatial meaning to temporal meaning, Tokoro-e has many scene situation meanings which stand in a transitional stage between a spatial meaning and a temporal one. This kind of intermediate usage is of great importance to exploring the mechanism of spatial metaphor. This paper, taking Tokoro-e as the main example, respectively studies both spatial and temporal meanings of Tokoro-e in ＂S1 Tokoro-e S2＂. In the spatial meaning, figure and ground form relationships of ＂point~ scope＂, ＂scope2 C scopel＂ and ＂scope2 ｜ scopel＂.In the temporal meaning, when the former part of Tokoro-e has a persistent aspect, the latter part perfective, figure and ground form a contained relationship of ＂point E line＂ ; and when the former and latter parts of Tokoro-e are both perfective, they form a simultaneous relationship of ＂point2=pointl＂or a sequential relationship of ＂point2 I pointl＂, The similarity between space domain and time domain is the basic mechanism bringing about the spatial metaphor of Tokoro-e.