浅谈赵翼《廿二史札记》之“证”与“论”

Evidence and Argument about Reading Notes of 22 Historical Books

《廿二史札记》为清代史学大家赵翼的读史笔记,亦是一部有名的乾嘉历史考据学著作。然则《札记》并非一般性质的考据史,而是将历史考据与史学评论有机结合。《札记》中,有证有论,考证史料,评论史学之优劣得失;考据史实,议论治乱兴衰之经验教训。考证之中不乏立论,议论之基在于考证,证与论的有机结合,使得这部札记闪耀着智慧的光芒。在特殊的创作背景下,《札记》中评书、知人、论事具体体现了赵翼的"证"与"论",也由此角度去看该书的地位、影响和评价。

Reading Notes of 22 Historical Books is a history note written by Zhao of Qing dynasty; it is also a famous historical textual research work of Jiaqing Yi, a famous historian period. However, the reading notes is not general textual research history, it is an organic combination of the history textual research and historiography comments. With evidence and arguments in the reading notes, it comments on history in the gain and loss, and it talks about the experiences and lessons of revolution. With argu- ments in textual research, and evidence to be the base of arguments, the reading notes lighted up with flashes of wit due to the organic combination. Under the special background of creation, the comments on books, matters and personal understanding are specifically embodied in Zhao Yi＇s ＂evidences＂ and ＂arguments＂, which presents the important status, influence and evaluation of the book.