磨料水射流钻头喷嘴设计与试验研究

Nozzle Design and Experimental Study of Abrasive Water Jets Bit

提出利用磨料水射流钻头解决在硬岩中钻孔速度慢的问题.通过磨料水射流钻头工作原理分析得出喷嘴结构制约了冲孔速度,是决定钻头破岩效率的关键因素.运用均匀设计法和Fluent数值模拟对影响冲孔速度的主要参数进行了研究,确定了磨料水射流钻头喷嘴的最优结构参数和实验参数,得出了喷嘴结构参数与泵压和磨料浓度之间存在交互作用.实验室岩石钻进实验表明,优化后的磨料水射流钻头硬岩钻进速度是原三翼钻头的5.6倍,是对照组1的1.25倍,是对照组2的1.18倍,表明在硬岩中钻进具有显著优越性.

A new type of bits called abrasive water jets bit can solve the problem that the speed is slow in hard rock drilling. The analysis of working principle for abrasive water jets bits shows that the efficiency of breaking rock by abrasive water jets bit is limited by punching speed affected by the structure of nozzle. The main pa- rameters of affecting punching speed were studied by uniform design and numerical simulation. The optimum structure parameters of nozzle and experimental parameters were determined. There are interactions between pressure, abrasive concentration with structures of nozzle. Laboratory experiments show that the drilling speed by optimized abrasive water jets bit is 1.57 times faster than original three wings bit, 1.25 times larger than control group 1 and 1.18 times than control group 2, which shows significant advantages in hard rock drilling.