不同类型杂草危害对小麦产量的影响

The influence on wheat yield loss caused by different kinds of weeds

通过人工设置不同类型杂草自然生长区,研究不同类型杂草对小麦产量的影响。试验结果表明,在以日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)和菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)为优势种群的禾本科杂草自然生长区、以牛繁缕(Malachiumaquaticum)和小藜(Chenopodium serotinum)为优势种群的阔叶类杂草自然生长区、以日本看麦娘+菵草+牛繁缕为优势种群的混合杂草自然生长区和无草区中,以无草区实测产量最高,为407 kg/667m2,禾本科杂草生长区小麦实测产量为329.8 kg/667m2,阔叶杂草生长区小麦实测产量为302.5 kg/667m2,混合杂草生长区小麦实测产量为280.9 kg/667m2。对比无草区,禾本科杂草生长区、阔叶杂草生长区和混合杂草生长区的产量损失率分别为18.94%、25.60%和31.00%。方差分析结果显示,禾本科杂草自然生长区、阔叶类杂草自然生长区和混合杂草自然生长区小麦产量损失率差异显著(p<0.05),按损失率高低排列为混合杂草自然生长区>阔叶杂草自然生长区>禾本科杂草自然生长区。

This research was conducted to study the influence of different kinds of weeds to wheat yield by settings grass weeds plots, broadleaf weeds plots and mixed weeds plots. The results showed that weed density and fresh weight of grass weeds plots was 204 stem/m2 and 339.1 g/m2 mainly constituted by Alopecurus japonicus, Beckmannia syzigachne with yield loss of 18.94%; weed density and fresh weight of broadleaf weeds plots was 165.6 stem/m2 and 297.7 g/ms mainly constituted by Malachium cutuaticum and Chenopodium serotinum with yield loss of 25.60%. Weed density and fresh weight of mixed weeds plots was 237.6 stendm2 and 321.0 g/m2 mainly constituted by Alopecurus japonicus, Beckmannia syzigachne and Malachium aquaticum with yield loss of 31.00%.There was significant difference among the wheat yield of grass weeds plots, broadleaf weeds plots and mixed weeds plots （p 〈0.05）. The damage rate caused by different kinds weeds was the follow： mixed weeds plots〉broadleaf weeds plots〉grass weeds plots.